How does Mathematica perform numerical calculations?

What I wrote here probably has something to offer in the way of explaining jumps involving error estimates. In brief, a refinement might or might not be made depending on which side of a test you are on (just passing, or just failing), and that can give rise to a jump.

Also, as noted in another response, absent a concrete example it is nearly impossible to speculate (and that applies to more than one question today).